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HMS Hesperus (H57)
HMS ''Hesperus'' was an H-class destroyer that had originally been ordered by the Brazilian Navy with the name ''Juruena'' in the late 1930s, but was bought by the Royal Navy after the beginning of World War II in September 1939 and later renamed. She was damaged by German aircraft during the Norwegian Campaign in May 1940 and was assigned to convoy escort and anti-submarine patrols after her repairs were completed. The ship was assigned to the Western Approaches Command for convoy escort duties in late 1940. She was briefly assigned to Force H in 1941, but her anti-aircraft armament was deemed too weak and she was transferred to the Newfoundland Escort Force the next month for escort duties in the North Atlantic. ''Hesperus'' was transferred to the Mid-Ocean Escort Force in late 1941 and continued to escort convoys in the North Atlantic for the next three years. She was converted to an escort destroyer in early 1943 after suffering damage from one of her two ramming attacks that sank German submarines. The ship sank two other submarines during the war by more conventional means. After the end of the war, ''Hesperus'' escorted the ships carrying the Norwegian government in exile back to Norway and served as a target ship through mid-1946. She was scrapped beginning in mid-1947.
==Description==
''Hesperus'' displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of . She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines, driving two shafts, which developed a total of and gave a maximum speed of . Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers. ''Hesperus'' carried a maximum of of fuel oil, giving her a range of at .〔Whitley, pp. 109, 112〕 The ship's complement was 152 officers and enlisted men.〔Lenton, p. 163〕
The vessel was designed for four 45-calibre 4.7-inch Mk IX guns in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear, but 'Y' gun was removed to compensate for the additional depth charges added. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, ''Hesperus'' had two quadruple Mark I mounts for the 0.5 inch Vickers Mark III machine gun. She was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for torpedoes.〔 One depth charge rail and two throwers were originally fitted, but this was increased to three sets of rails and eight throwers while fitting-out. The ship's load of depth charges was increased from 20 to 110 as well.〔English, p. 141〕〔Friedman, p. 226〕
''Hesperus'' was completed without a director-control tower (DCT) so the three remaining 4.7-inch low-angle guns fired in local control using ranges provided by a rangefinder.〔 She was fitted with an ASDIC set to detect submarines by reflections from sound waves beamed into the water.〔Brown, p. 164〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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